Essay about Teaching Literature - 2176 Words

Teaching Literature My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we *can* suppose. - J.B.S. Haldane, On Being the Right Size in the book _Possible Worlds_ (courtesy of The Quotations Page) The inclusion of gay and lesbian authors in high school and college curricula can only help to expose students to things which they will more than likely face in their adult lives. The traditional readings should be read in conjunction with gay and lesbian authors in many schools’ English curricula, simply because most modern students cannot relate to the speech or themes of the traditionally taught works by usually straight British and American writers or by authors who were gay, lesbian,†¦show more content†¦In her article â€Å"Coming-Out Pedagogy: Risking Identity in Language and Literature Classrooms,† Brenda Jo Brueggemann points out that â€Å"although risks and possibilities are present in all our classrooms, they are enhanced in courses focused on sexuality.† She argues that gay (and sometimes bisexual) students often perceive a class in gay and lesbian studies as a place where they can ‘be themselves,’ read about others like them, and acquire increased self-worth.† Many critics of bringing GLBT authors and literature into high schools seem to assume that many students are not mature enough to handle the themes presented in such literature, but as evidenced by many studies on the subject of today’s teens maturity level, many more students in high schools today are able to comprehend and interpret ideas presented in all kinds of literature. Critics seem to be swayed by the popular opinion that being GLBT is all about sex, when in fact most of what is written by GLBT authors doesn’t focus on sex at all; most of these works deal with themes and issues that are dealt with in the GLBT community. The identity conflict that presents itself after seeing the popular opinion versus the reality of it is what makes the teaching of GLBT literature so difficult for the most part. It has nothing to do with the sexual nature of it at all; the identity issue is the bigger problem. Brueggemann furthers this argument by stating thatShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Literature in Teaching English as a Foreign Language6056 Words   |  25 PagesThe Use of Literature in Teaching English as a Foreign Language By: Amr Alhemiary Abstract This research aims at emphasizing the use of literature as a popular technique for teaching both basic language skills (i.e. reading, writing, speaking and listening)and language areas(i.e. vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation) in our times. 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Presentation software and electronic communication furtherRead MoreMy Philosophy on Teaching Literature Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy in Teaching Literature I believe all children can learn to read in a classroom that is integrated with differentiated instruction and has a safe and engaging learning environment which is rich with a variety of literature to light that spark in the children to want to learn. I will make an effort to get to know my children in order to be able to provide a classroom library with nonfiction books to inform the inquiring mind, picture books for the artistic mind, and fiction books toRead MoreLiterature On Teacher Professionalism And The Vocational Culture Of Teaching1529 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does it mean to be a ‘good’ teacher’? Discuss in relation to the literature on teacher professionalism and the vocational culture of teaching Introduction Teachers are role models who share their knowledge and passion for a subject to their students. 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There is a common notion in teaching that, because the instructor is the expert in the room, it his/her job to take the lead role in guiding students through the material. Instructors with this traditional view would argue that because students are novices, active engagement techniques where students are â€Å"teaching† each other could only lead to an increase in confusion about the concepts. In addition to serving as theRead MoreI Am A Second Grade English Language Arts Teacher931 Words   |  4 Pagesguided reading in my classroom. I have spent this summer researching and reading about guided reading in an attempt to gain further understanding of the process and the outcomes before the next school year begins. Guided reading is a method of teaching reading that be used with every reader, whether they are just beginning to read, struggling to read, or are able to read independently (Iaquinta, 2006). 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International financial market Free Essays

International Financial Markets and Institutions Practice Test Paper Trimester One 2013 (15 Macs for practice) The actual test consists of 40 Multiple Choice Questions (You have one hour and 10 minutes to complete the actual test). 1. Financial markets and Institutions affect the profits of businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on International financial market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Affect the types of goods and services produced In an economy. C. Involve the movement of huge quantities of money. D. All of the above. 2. A. B. C. 3. Financial market activities affect pending decisions by individuals and firms. He economy’s location in the business cycle. Personal wealth. The bond markets are important because they are markets where Interest rates are determined. They are markets where foreign exchange rates are determined. C. They are easily the most widely followed financial market In the United States. D. All of the above. 4. Typically, Increasing Interest rates encourages corporate borrowing. Discourages individuals from saving. Encourages corporate expansion. 5. Every financial market performs the following function: It channels funds from lenders-savers to borrowers-spenders. It determines the level of interest rates. It allows loans to be made. It allows common stock to be traded. 6. Financial markets have the basic function of Bringing together people with funds to lend and people who want to borrow funds. Assuring that governments never need to print money. Both A and B above. Both B and C above. 7. Which of the following can be described as involving direct finance? A. A pension fund manager buys commercial paper in the secondary market. B. People buy shares in a mutual fund. An insurance company buys shares of common stock in the over-the-counter markets. None of the above. 8. A country whose financial markets function poorly is likely to experience hardship and financial crises. Enjoy high productivity. Increase its standard of living. Efficiently allocate its capital resources. 9. A bond’s future payments are called its maturity values. Yields to maturity. Cash flows. Discounted present values. 10. As the price of a bond and the expected return bonds become more attractive to investors and the quantity demanded rises. A. Alls; rises alls;falls rises; falls rises; rises 11. The supply curve for bonds has the usual upward slope, indicating that as the price , criteria Paramus, the increases. Rises; quantity supplied rises; supply falls; quantity supplied falls; supply 2 13. When the price of a bond is above the equilibrium price, there is excess bond market and the price will demand; rise demand; fall supply; rise supply; fall in the How expectati ons are formed is important because expectations influence A. The demand for assets. Bond prices. The risk structure of interest rates. 14. According to the efficient markets hypothesis, the current price of a financial security is the discounted net present value of future interest payments. B. Is determined by the highest successful bidder. Fully reflects all available relevant information. Is a result of none of the above. 15. When asset prices fall in a boom, moral hazard may increase in companies that have lost net worth in the bust. B. Financial institutions may see the assets on their balance sheets deteriorate, leading to delivering. Both A and B are correct. None of the above are correct. How to cite International financial market, Papers International Financial Market Free Essays string(121) " the domain of large financial institutions, corporations, central banks, hedge funds and extremely wealthy individuals\." International Financial Market | Assignment – 01 V. Prabaseelan S/07/735 introduction to international financial market Background to international finance International finance as a subject is not new in the area of financial management, it has been widely covered earlier in international economics and it is only the fast growth of international business in the post-world war II and the associated complexities in the international transactions that made the subject as an independent area of  study. With growing operation of multinational corporations, a number of complexities arose in the area of their financial decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on International Financial Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Apart from the considerations of where, when and how to invest, the decision concerning the management of working capital among their different subsidiaries and the parent units became more complex, especially because the basic policies varied from one MNC to another. Those MNCs that were more interested in maximizing the value of global wealth adopted a centralized approach while those not interfering much with their subsidiaries believed in a decentralized approach. Normally there is a mix of the two approaches in varying proportions, for which the study of international finance has come to be more relevant. The second half of the twentieth century has also experienced a vast magnitude of lending by international and regional development banks (e. g. City bank, Barclays, African development Bank, Standard Chartered bank etc) and different governmental and non-governmental agencies. The movement of funds in form of interest and amortization payments needed proper management. Besides, there were big changes in the character of the international financial market with the emergence of euro banks and offshore banking centers and of various instruments, such as Euro bonds, euro notes and euro commercial papers. The nature of the movement of funds became so complex that proper management became a necessity and the study of international finance became highly of important. Definition of international finance International finance is the branch of economics that studies the dynamics of foreign exchange, foreign direct investment and how these affect international trade. Also studies the international projects, international investment and the international capital flow. International Finance can be broadly defined, as the study of the financial decisions taken by a multinational corporation in the area of international business i. e. global corporate finance. International finance draws much of its background from the preliminary studies in the topics of  corporate finance such as capital budgeting, portfolio theory and cost of capital but now viewed in the international dimension. International finance versus domestic finance International finance is to a great extent, similar to domestic corporate finance. A domestic company takes up a project for investment only when the net present value of cash flows is positive and it shapes the working capital policy in a way that maximizes profitability and ensures desired liquidity. It is not different in case of international finance. Again, the financing decisions in respect of whether a  domestic or an international company aims at minimizing the overall cost  of  capital and providing optimum liquidity. Domestic financial management is concerned with the costs of  financing sources and the payoffs from investment. In domestic arena, movements in exchange rates are substantially ignored. But when we move outside of this purely domestic field, there is no way that we can analyze international financing and investment opportunities without an understanding of the impact of  foreign exchange rates upon the basic model of  financial management. However, international finance has a wider scope than domestic corporate finance and it is designed to cope with greater range of  complexities than the domestic finance. The reasons are as follows:- * The MNCs operate in different economic, political, legal, cultural and tax environments * They operate across and within varied ranges of product and factor markets which vary in regard to competition and  efficiency. * They trade in a large number of currencies as a result of which their dependence on the foreign exchange market is quite substantial. * They have easy access not only to varying domestic capital markets but also to unregulated international capital markets which differ in terms of efficiency and competitiveness. THE  INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM (IMS) Simply, the international monetary system refers primarily to the set of policies, institutions, practices, regulations and mechanisms that determine the rate at which one currency is exchanged for another. The international monetary system which prevails today has evolved over a period of more than150 years. In the process of evolution, several monetary systems came into existence, which either collapsed due to their inherent weakness or were modified to cope with the changing international economic order. An international monetary system is required to facilitate international trade, business, travel, investment, foreign  aid, etc. IMS has evolved over time as international trade, finance, and business have changed, as technology has improved, as political dynamics change, etc. Example: evolution of the European Union and the Euro currency impacts the IMS. International Financial Markets A  financial market  is much like any other market you may be very familiar with, like a farmer’s market, but instead of apples and flowers, you have stocks, bonds, derivatives, and other financial products that change hands between individuals and institutions. If you purchase a stock through your stock broker, he’s accessing the financial markets to make that purchase for you. â€Å"International† just refers to the idea that financial marketing  carried out by companies overseas or across national borderlines. This strategy uses an extension of the techniques used in the home country of a firm. It refers to the firm-level and country-level marketing practices across the border. The following kinds of international financial markets are generally identified. * (1)Foreign exchange market * (2)International money market * (3)International capital market (3. 1) International stock market * (3. 2) International dept/bond market * (4)Derivatives market (01)Foreign exchange market 1. EXCHANGE RATE An exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. In other words, it is the value of another country’s currency compared to that of our own. Foreign exchange is one of the most exciting, fast-paced markets around the world. Until recently, trading in the Foreign exchange market had been the domain of large financial institutions, corporations, central banks, hedge funds and extremely wealthy individuals. You read "International Financial Market" in category "Essay examples" The foreign exchange market is the â€Å"place† or â€Å"a situation† where currencies are traded. Currencies are important to most people around the world, whether they realize it or not, because currencies need to be exchanged in order to  conduct foreign trade and business. 2. GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET Geographically the foreign exchange market spans the globe, with prices moving and currencies traded somewhere every hour of every business  day. Major world trading starts each morning in Sidney and Tokyo, moves to Hong Kong and Singapore, passes on to Bahrain, shifts to the main European markets of Frankfurt, Zurich and London, jumps the Atlantic to New York, goes west to Chicago and ends up in Francisco and Los Angeles. The market is deepest, or most liquid, early in the European afternoon, when the market of both Europe and the US east cost are open. This period is regarded as the best time to ensure the smooth execution of a very order. 3. ORGANIZATION OF THE FOREIGN MARKET If there were a single international currency, there would be no need for a foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market is not a physical place; rather it is electronically linked networks of banks, foreign exchange brokers and dealers whose main function is to bring together buyers and sellers of foreign exchange. It is not confined to any one country but is dispersed throughout the leading financial centers of the world: London, New York city, Paris, Zurich, Amsterdam, Tokyo, Toronto, Milan, Frankfurt and other cities. Trading is generally done by telephone or  telex machine. Foreign exchange traders in each bank  usually operate out of a separate foreign exchange trading room. Each trader has several telephones and surrounded by display monitors and telex and fax machines feeding up-to- the  minute information. The Foreign exchange market provides plenty of opportunity for investors. However, in order to be successful, a currency trader has to understand  the basics behind currency movements. TYPES OF Currency Markets 1. Spot Market * It is the market for currency for immediate delivery. The price of foreign exchange in the spot market is referred to as the  spot exchange rate or simply the spot rate. . Forward Market * It is the market for the exchange of foreign currencies at a future date. 3. Futures Market * Although the futures market trading is similar to forward market trading in that all transactions are to be settled at a future date, futures markets are actual physical locations where anonymous participants trade standard quantities of foreign currency for delivery at standard future dates. (02)International money market Each central bank usually holds some form of reserve that is acceptable in settling international transactions. International monetary reserves are mainly gold, or â€Å"money market assets† in some country whose currency is widely used, such as the United States dollar. Because  world trade  continually gives rise to various needs for payment in various currencies, an international money market must exist so that traders with an excess of one currency can use it to buy another currency for which they have a need. Within the scope of convertibility arrangements, this trading in currencies is carried out by skilled intermediaries, usually banks or specialized foreign exchange  brokers and dealers. Changes in a country’s  balance of payments  may affect the usefulness or prestige of its currency. A sustained and substantial balance of payments deficit (out payments larger than in payments), for example, will result in continuous large increases in the world supply of its currency, possibly leading to some decline in its acceptability abroad and to a loss of international monetary reserves. At the same time, an outward drain may reduce the reserves of the commercial banks (the base for the domestic money supply), unless the central bank takes offsetting action. The internal money markets of a surprisingly high proportion of the countries of the world are quite rudimentary. The work of the money market in these countries is done largely by transfers of deposit balances, government securities, or foreign exchange among a few banks and between them and the central bank. But in nearly all such cases there is genuine discontent with the rigidity of these limited facilities and a desire to develop a structure, as well as instruments and procedures, which would provide the open-market attributes of the arrangements that have evolved in the leading countries. 03)International  capital market International  capital market   is that financial market or world financial center where shares,  bonds, debentures, currencies,  hedge funds,  mutual funds  and other long term securities are purchased and sold. International capital market is the group of different country’s capital market. They associate with each other with Internet. Th ey provide the place to international companies and investors to deal in shares and bonds of different countries. After invention of computer and Internet and revolution of financial market in 2010, almost all financial markets are converted in international capital markets. We can give the example of Hong Kong, Singapore and New York world trade centre. International capital market was started with dealing of foreign exchange. International capital market’s daily turnover has crossed $ 5 trillion. International capital market is very helpful for reducing the risk of small company because in international market, you can buy different countries companies’ shares, debentures and mutual funds. Different countries have different business environment, so if any country is facing loss and due to financial crisis, your investment in that country may suffer losses but you can fulfill this loss from other country’s investment. So, overall risk will be reduced by this technique. Suppose, a company wants to invest his money, then it is good option, that ‘A’ company must invest it in international market. He can invest with following way and make his best portfolio: a) ‘A’ company can buy 10000 shares of USA Company. b) ‘A’ company can buy 10000 shares of Indian company. ) ‘A’ company can buy 10000 bonds of UK Company. d) ‘A’ company can also invest in the mutual funds of Pakistan or  USA  or Canada. (3. 1)International stock market A study on the  international stock market  gives comprehensive information on the various stock markets of the world. A stock market is typically a market where the trading of company stocks and derivatives is carried out. In order to be traded in the stock market, the securities need to be listed in the stock exchange. The international stock markets are the main sources for the corporations, companies and governments to collect money. The corporations and governments issue their securities in the stock market thus going public and raising additional capital for their business or further development. The liquidity nature of the stock markets ensures the investors to sell their securities easily and quickly. The  international stock markets  play an important part to control and regulate the course of international finance. It has been seen that the economic activity of a country is most importantly affected by the price of shares and other assets. For example, the rising trend of shares may interpret that the business investment in the country is in the growing stage. The prices of the shares also invariably affect the household wealth. Hence, the central bank of each country makes it a point to keep an eye on the activities and behavior of the stock markets. The stock markets also share the responsibility of carrying out the security transaction in a smooth way. The functioning of the international stock markets also construes the economic growth of a particular country. The international stock market is influenced by the trading of some of the major stock exchanges of the world like NASDAQ, NYSE Euronext, Bombay Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange. 3. 2)International debt market International debt markets are primarily markets for ‘bonds issued’ outside the nation. The government and corporations borrow money by issuing bonds. International bonds offer investors an opportunity to earn better returns than from their country issued fixed income investments. There is no single international bond market as such. The international b ond market is divided into three separate types of bond markets: Domestic Bonds, Foreign Bonds, and Eurobonds. (a)Domestic Bonds The market for domestic bonds is a part of the international bond market. Domestic bonds are brought out on a local basis and domestic borrowers are responsible for issuing the local bonds. Domestic bonds are normally designated in the local currency. (b)Foreign Bonds The foreign bond market is that in which bonds are brought out by foreign borrowers. The foreign bonds are normally designated in the local currency. The local market authorities look after the issuing and selling of foreign bonds. Foreign Bond Markets The foreign bonds are traded in the foreign bond markets which constituted a significant portion of the international bond market until a few decades ago. Some defining characteristics of the foreign bond markets are: * Issuers are normally governments and private sector utilities such as the railway companies * It was standard practice to underwrite as well as organize underwriting risk * Issues were pledged by the retail investors and the institutional investors * The structure of a foreign bond at that time is similar to the present day foreign bonds * Continental private banks and old merchant houses in London connected the investors and the issuers (c)Eurobonds Eurobonds differ from the others in that they are not sold in any particular national bond market. Eurobonds are issued by a group of multinational banks. If a Eurobond is designated in any currency, it would be sold outside the country which uses that currency. For example if a Eurobond is denominated in the United States dollar, it would not be sold in the United States. (04)Derivatives market The  derivatives market  is the  financial market  for  derivatives,  financial instruments  like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of  assets. It is a contract between a buyer and a seller entered into today regarding a transaction to be fulfilled at a future point in time, for example, the transfer of a certain amount of US dollars at a specified USD-EUR exchange rate at a future date. Over the life of the contract, the value of the derivative fluctuate with the price of the so-called â€Å"underlying† of the contract – in our example, the USD-EUR exchange rate. The life of a derivative contract, that is, the time between entering into the contract and the ultimate fulfillment or termination of the contract, can be very long – in some cases more than ten years. Given the possible price fluctuation of the underlying and thus of the derivative contract itself, risk management is of particular importance. The market can be divided into two, that for  exchange-traded derivatives  and that for  over-the-counter derivatives. The legal nature of these products is very different as well as the way they are traded, though many market participants are active in both. How to cite International Financial Market, Essay examples

Reward Management System Union Bank and Trust Company Sample

Question: Describe about the importance of the reward management system of Union Bank and Trust company? Answer: Abstract Union Bank and Trust Company is a best service providing company in banking sector and investment services. This company has a well-developed business strategy including the consideration marketing community, developing new services, teller referrals etc. The reward management system of the company is also very well developed but there are still chances of improvement. For improving reward management system of the organization, training should be provided as the reward. Introduction This report basically describes the importance of the reward management system of any organization. The report is a case study on the Union Bank and Trust company. It tells how a reward management program works in an organization and this affects the growth of an organization. The reward management system describes about what actually reward is and what are the issues associated in implementation of any reward management system programme. The overview of the Union Bank and Trust company is described in the report with the business strategy of the organization. The reward management strategy of the organization helps in understanding how reward management system of the organization is a vital factor for growth of the organization. The suitable model of the reward management system is drawn which may help in improving the reward management system of the organization. Reward Management System Sometimes reward is also known as remuneration. The reward can be said as the benefits from the tangible services and returns paid to the employees. The reward basically is paid to an employee for its good performance in an organization which motivates the employees to work for company more enthusiastically (Thorpe, 2000). This also helps the employees to become more dedicated towards their work for the employees. The reward system in an organization works in two ways. One is that it motivates the best performers in the organization to work with more dedication and other employees get motivated for improving their performance in the organization. This creates a healthy competition between the employees to perform best in the organization. The reward system is basically of two types, extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic reward system basically indicates the transactional or tangible reward and intrinsic reward system indicate the reward from employment and work. The examples of extrinsic reward system are salary, benefits and incentives pay while the intrinsic reward includes better environment to employee for work. Issues in Reward Management Mainly three reasons are associated with reward management: to motivate, secure and retain people in organization, to realizing the employees that they are really valuable to organization and to reduce the complexity of employment relationship as this is a very critical relationship (Snell, 2010). As described above, the reward management system is completely related to create enthusiasm among the employees and create a healthy competition among them which helps the organization to complete the tasks properly and effectively. But there are various issues associated with this reward management programme also. The main issue behind this is that, if the reward management programme is not managed properly then it may lead to a harsh competition among the employees which will affect the overall team associated to the project. The other main thing that should be considered is, if a single employee is getting reward every time then the employees may end up thinking that the organization is behaving partially with them. Sometimes it may happen that the managers cant predict whether the employees are matching the expectations of the organization or not. This may become a very complex situation which may lead to unfair decision. Thus, the proper execution of reward management system is very necessary for an organization (Shields, 2007). Overview of Union Bank and Trust Company The Union bank and trust company, established in 1917, provides its services in the banking sector very well. This is a local bank and is situated in Nebraska. The organization is providing its services in personal and business banking, investment, lending, wealth management, retirement services etc. The organization commits that they are full of helpful and warm personalities. The organization works on the three main principles stability, longevity and leadership. The organization aims to provide the broad base financial services to their customers. The organization believes in providing the excellent customer service, diversification and employee satisfaction. Business Strategy of Union Bank and Trust Company The business strategy of the organization mainly developed around the personal and business banking as well as the investment services. The business strategy of Union bank and trust company includes community marketing, product building, Teller referrals, pre-approved products and premier services. A large commercial banks have various branches in all over the country. Similarly, Union bank and Trust Company, has various branches and every branch managers are free up to some extent to tailor the local marketing strategies. This leads to serve the community. The organization provides various efforts to build various types of services which are helpful for the customers as well as the organization which leads to the success of the bank. The organization also reviews the products which are already developed by the bank. This leads to refine the pre-developed services for the customers. Teller referrals actually plays a very important role in the success of any bank. With the referrals teller, the bank can get many new customers. The organization also follows the teller strategy for making the bank successful. The organization provides various types of exclusive services to their special customers. The bank builds various personal services for those customers who are premier customers of the bank. These services are according to the need and requirement of the premier customers. Reward Management System of Union Bank and Trust Company The reward management system for employees of Union bank depends on the factors like Employees performance, reward basics and internal and external reward factors. Bank employees performance is a very important factor to be considered. The Union Bank and Trust Company pays the reward to employees on the basis of their overall performance in the organization. How the performance of employees affect the organization, the organization evaluates this factor by the three dimensional job accomplishment, quality of the job as well as the productivity of the employees. Organization calculates the performance of employee by following formula: Employee Performance= (Job Quality + Job Accomplishment + 1.5 * Productivity)/4.5 The above formula clearly mentions that the organization considers the productivity of the employees on priority (Rao, 2014). The job accomplishment basically defines how the employees are able to complete the job assigned to them; quality of job actually describes how fine the job is done by the employee and the productivity relates to how innovative the employee is? All the above factors are based on the percentage, like the percentage of the work completed by the employee, the satisfaction level of manager, team leader or customer and how much productivity employee shows in his work. The basic reward model of the organization includes the motivation of the employees, creating the enthusiasm among the employees towards the job etc. The company researches various factors and creates various new types of rewards which can effectively be provided to the employees for various achievements in the organization (Perkinson, 2011). These rewards psychologically help the employees in various factors. Employees feel psychological improvement within them towards the work. The employees feel more enthusiasm towards the work, both who get the reward and who dont get the reward. The organization also considers the internal and external factors for the reward management system in the organization. The internal factors are those factors which influence directly to the organization. For example. if a marketing manager performs very well in attracting the customers, this will directly increase the number of customers in the bank. External factors are the factors which dont directly influence the organization e.g. if the employee indirectly become the reason of benefit for the organization. The organization pays both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to their employees. The extrinsic reward system includes the incentive, salary hike, other gifts and the intrinsic reward system includes the transferring of the employee on his desirable place and hike in the position. The company also has various reward system for volunteer staff who dont work for organization on permanent basis but they work on the brokerage. They dont work on the basis of permanent salary. For these types of brokers, the company decides various levels, according to those levels the company decides the brokerage. This also includes various gifts according to the performance of the broker (Palermo, 2011). The above reward management system is followed by the organization. Appropriateness of current reward system As described above, the current reward system of the organization includes various factors and considerations for developing the reward management system of the organization. As we consider the banking sector, the above reward system described by the organization are very much appropriate for the organization. The above reward system has a part of incentives. Incentive is a reward factor which is so organized that the employees dont stop at any level of performance. An employee gets the incentive as a reward for the amount of work he does which means the employee can earn as much as he wants to by improving his performance (Mitchell, 2012). Salary hike reward system is appropriate for every type of organization. If the employee will work on the same salary every year then of course s/he will get bored and depressed from his work. It is very necessary to hike the salary of the employees every year according to the performance of employee. This leads to create an enthusiasm towards the work and the employees dont get bored in the company. The other system described in the reward management system of the organization is the other surprises. These surprises include various gifts from the organization for their employees. These gifts can be a holiday trip for the employees as a reward, or other daily life items. These types of gifts make the employees feel that the employees are very much valuable for the organization. This also makes the employee feel that they are really cared by the organization and the employees start working by having a feeling that the organization is their own and hence, the performance of the employe es increases as well (Miranda, 2010). The intrinsic reward system has its own value in the organization. Every employee needs a fresh environment to work. Every employee has its own choice of environment or working condition. In banking sector, with a lot of rush of work, employees eagerly want their desired place to work. Thus, every employee may get influenced and work with more dedication for getting this type of reward by the organization. It should be considered that the banks dont have any right on the brokers as they work according to their own convenience. Thus, for getting more profit from the brokers the reward system is really a very important tool. This motivates the brokers to work more for the organization. According to the organizations strategy, the organization has made various levels for the brokers in the organization. Every broker wants to reach on the top level. Thus, every broker works enthusiastically to achieve that position (Mcnamara, 2014). The organization also provides various exciting gifts to the brokers of the organization. Thus, the above described reasons make the reward management system appropriate for the described organization. However, there are still various changes that can be done or various types of new reward systems that can be added in the organization which help the organization to work successfully in this competitive market. Suitable Reward management system As described above, the current reward system of the organization is very much appropriate for the organization but still there are various chances of improvement in the reward system of the organization. The reward can be provided to the failed employees by various means such that these employees can also get motivated from those rewards. Some organizations expel the employees who do not perform well without even giving them a single chance but this can be handled in other way also. The company should provide special training as reward for the employees who could not perform well in the organization. This will work in various ways so that the employees do not feel that they are not getting ignored for their bad performance. The underperforming employees also feel that they are important for the organization and they work more enthusiastically for the organization. The suitable model for the employees reward management may be as follows: Figure: Suitable Reward management model for organization (Prabakaran, 2014) The above diagram is showing a model for the reward management system for the organization. This model is clearly indicating that by providing the reward to the employees they get motivated from the reward and they start working enthusiastically and the performance of the employees get improved and they start contributing more effectively towards the growth and success of the organization. The above model clearly describes how the reward management system works in the organization. According to the above model, the described reward systems also required some changes like the organization should study in depth for implementing the above described reward systems like the system of incentive can be made better by making it on the basis of level rather than on the basis of percentage but the benefits should also be enhanced. This is because the employees will get more enjoyment in the job while attaining those levels (Leitchfuss, 2010). For making the healthy competition, a team contribution and helping factor should also be included on the top priority. The employees then start helping the other employees which will create a better environment in the organization. The diversification of employees will also become beneficial for the organization. The assessment of the employees should be done in the proper way. If this is not implemented fairly, it may lead in grouping in the organization and the employees will no longer have faith in the organization. Most Valuable reward for the staff The most valuable reward for the underperforming staff is both professional and personal training programme as this will help in enhancing their personal and professional skills. These training programmes may actually help both good performing and underperforming staffs. But these are much important for the underperforming staffs to enhance their level of performance. Rather than expelling the employees enhancing skills is a better option as the employees are very much familiar with the companys culture and environment and company spends a lot of money for the initial training of the organization and organization needs to provide those training to the new recruited employees also (Kerr, 2008). The most valuable reward for the good performing employees is position hike or desired place to work as each employee works in a company with a dream to be at a higher position and also the location where the employee is working, matters a lot. These rewards also return the company in multiplication as a skilled and well performing employee may work more efficiently and may deliver more at the higher position and he will have the right ability to share his experience of success with his co-workers which will motivate them in working more for the organisation (Azasu, 2012). If a skilled, hardworking and smart employee is on the higher position, then other workers or employees of the organization also follows that employee. Relation between the reward management system and organizations business strategy The reward management system has a great impact on the organizations business strategy. A business strategy will be successful only if the employees of the organization performs well. Without proper contribution of the employees, the business strategy doesnt have any meaning. For proper execution of the business, strategic performance of the employees matters a lot, and for improving the performance of the employees reward management system plays a vital role. The developed strategy is really very much appropriate for the organizations business strategy. As described in the business strategy of Union bank and Trust Company, community marketing is one of the main factors that organization considers. Community marketing strategy is mainly developed by the branch manager. Our reward program says that the skilled person should be on the higher position. Thus, the skilled employees should be rewarded with the position hike which works in both ways, the company gets a skilled manager as well as the employees are also rewarded. The other business strategy of the organization includes the teller referral. The teller referral depends on the broker, if the brokers are getting good rewards then of course they will refer the organization to the other people also (Armstrong, 2010). Our assessment of the employees for reward program includes the productivity on the priority which leads to increase in productive skills among the employees who will are able to suggest new services which can work well both for customers as well as the organization. Thus, the reward management system of the organization is clearly related to the business strategy of the organization. Conclusion The above report is the result of various studies and research. This report basically describes the importance of reward management system for the organization and how reward management system helps in the growth of the organization by the example of the Union bank and Trust Company. Union Bank and Trust Company basically provides its services in personal and business banking as well as in the investment services. Organization has a well-developed reward management system which motivates the employees to work enthusiastically. The reward management system of the organization may be improved by including various new systems and programmes in the reward management system. These systems may help in increasing the faith of employees towards the organization. The suitable reward systems described in the report are completely satisfying the business strategy of the organization. Thus, these reward system programmes may help the organization in growing in this high competitive market. References Armstrong Michael (2010). Armstrongs Handbook of Reward management Practise 3r ed. China: Kogan PageAzasu, Samuel (2012). A survey of Reward management practises in the Swedish real estate sector 23 (11), pp. 23-25Gungor, Pinar (2011). The relationship between reward management system and employee performance with the mediating role of motivation: A Quantitative study of global banks [online]. Available From: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811015576 [Accessed: 17th February 2015].Kerr, Steve (2008). Reward Systems 1st ed. London: Harvard University PressLeichtfuss, Reinhold (2010). Retail Banking Winning Strategy and business Model Revised [online]. Boston Consulting database 22 (1), p.1-16 Available From: https://www.bcgindia.com/documents/file37897.pdf [Accessed: 17th February 2015].McNamara, Carter (2014). How to Reward Employee Performance [online]. Available From: https://managementhelp.org/employeeperformance/rewarding.htm [Accessed: 17th February 201 5]Miranda, Kay (2010). Five Successful Bank Business Strategies [online]. Available From: smallbusiness.chron.com/five-successful-bank-business-strategies-2628.html [Accessed: 17th February 2015].Mitchell, Barbara (2012). The Big Book of HR. 3rd ed. London: Career Press.Palermo, Tommaso (2011). Adopting performance appraisal and Reward System JOCM database 24 (1), pp. 23- 29Perkinson, Stephen (2011). Introducing the Reward Management System [online] 23(8) p.1- 25 Available From: https://shop.cipd.co.uk/shop/bookshop/media/cms/pdf/bookstorepdfs/reward-management-2nd-edition---a-sample-chapter.pdf [Accessed: 17th February 2015].Prabakaran, J. (2014). A study on Workers reward management system in banking sector [online] 16 (7), pp. 23-25 Available From: https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol16-issue7/Version-3/D016732325.pdf [Accessed: 17th February 2015].Rao, Narayan (2014). Reward System and Organizational behaviour [online]. Available From: https://nraomtr.blogspot.in/2011/12 /reward-systems-and-organizational.html [Accessed: 17th February 2015].Shields, John (2007). Managing Employee Performance and Reward 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressSnell, Scott (2010). Human Resource Management 4th ed. London: Cengage LearningThorpe, Ricchar (2000). Strategic Reward System 2nd ed. London: Prentice Hall.

Superior Market free essay sample

Superior Supermarkets is a division of Hall Consolidated, a privately owned wholesale and retail food distributor. Hall distributes food and related products to some 150 company-owned supermarket units and about 1,100 independent grocery stores in the U. S. through 12 wholesale distribution centers. Hall’s sales in 2002 were $2. billion. Superior is the smallest of the three supermarket chains owned by Hall, with sales of $192. 2 million in 2002. Superior serves small towns in the South Central U. S. , and is number one or two by market share in each of its trade markets. Sales of the three Centralia stores were $14,326,700 in 2002. Their gross profit margin was 28. 8%, while the median for the U. S. grocery industry was 26. 4%. Randall Johnson, the District Manager for the Centralia stores, has recommended that they implement everyday low pricing (ELP). The reasoning behind his desire to implement the ELP strategy is that Superior’s prices are higher than the competition at a time of growing price consciousness, and that the price differential could cause them to lose market share. We will write a custom essay sample on Superior Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Superior President James Ellis suggests that their recent consumer research should be studied to assist in the pricing decision. If the research suggests that an ELP strategy should be used, it would then be applied to all three of the Centralia stores. One company official suggests that the pricing strategy should be part of a broader store positioning strategy, and it should be supported with advertising. It is known Superior is does have the highest prices in the area. To the extent that price knowledge exists, it is thought to be category dependent. This adds a dimension to the ELP implementation decision, specifically whether ELP should be applied across the board, or just for certain categories. If an ELP strategy is adopted, it is important that Superior decide how much prices should be lowered. Superior prices are estimated to be about 10% higher than Harrison’s, the current low price leader, and about 7% higher than the other major competitors. There is a consensus that they should not attempt to outprice Harrison’s. Problem Identification There are 2 major problems that have been uncovered by the company’s district manager. The first problem is the low sales in Centralia. The second problem is the extremely high prices that have been a source of complaints among Centralia customers. According to many studies by Superior Market, the company had the highest prices in Centralia. As a result, Superior Supermarkets must decide whether or not to pursue an everyday low pricing strategy in its three stores servicing grocery shoppers in the Centralia service area. Case Analysis Superior operates three stores in Centralia, MO, the primary trade area in Scott County. Food and beverage retail store sales in Centralia were $62. 3 million in 2002, a 4. 6% increase over 2001. Based on the 2000 U. S. Census, Centralia has 13,500 households and a total population of 41,000. The median age is 35, median household income is $36,000, and 85% of residents have at least a high school education. Just over half of Centralia residents are employed by manufacturing, retail trade, and education, health, and social services establishments. Focus group studies have identified various aspects of food store choice and patronage in Centralia. In descending order of importance to shoppers are: price; quality of meat; produce quality, variety, and display; and, shopping convenience. Focus group participants are generally pleased with their food shopping options. Superior has a great deal of shopper information from two studies it conducted. One establishes, by department, how $100 is spent in a typical Centralia supermarket. The other establishes, specifically for Superior supermarket shoppers, demographic information, frequency of store visits, and related shopper behavior data, including other stores shopped. The primary reason that potential customers do not shop at Superior is mainly due to price. Four grocery chain stores accounted for 85% of all food sales in Centralia in 2002. The remainder was shared primarily by two small independent grocery stores, several convenience stores, specialty food stores, and a seasonal Farmer’s Market. Three of the chains operate one store each in Centralia, while Superior has three. Each of Superior’s stores is smaller than the other chains’ stores. Harrison’s, a 50,000 square-foot store on W. Main St. , is acknowledged to have captured most of the business of the middle and upper income group in Centralia. Harrison’s Centralia store is one of the company’s 65 locations in Missouri and Illinois. The store is well-managed, clean and orderly. Harrison’s has a very favorable customer image, and uses an everyday low pricing strategy. Harrison’s market share of 22% ranks it third in the market, just behind Superior. Grand American (GA) operates a 39,800 square-foot store on W. Main and Fairfield. It is one of 148 GA stores serving the region. It is the most modern store in town. It serves the lower income demographic, the $20,000 to $35,000 range. GA, with a market share of 13%, is considered a secondary competitor by Hall officials. Hall officials believe GA lacks innovative merchandising appeal, and its only real strength is its dairy department. Missouri Mart (MM) operates a 120,000 square-foot store, 40% of which is dedicated to food items. MM’s customers are middle-aged and older families with incomes over $30,000. MM is the sales volume leader in Centralia, with a 27% market share, and is considered Superior’s principal competitor. About 32% of Superior’s customers shop MM regularly. MM’s primary strength is in groceries and special purchase displays, but the store seems to sacrifice quality and freshness for production. Superior Supermarkets has three stores in Centralia which are generally older than those of its major competitors. Each store anchors a strip shopping center owned by Hall. Each shopping center has additional shops which provide a lot of convenience to customers. Company officials believe that SS offers high-quality merchandise, but less variety than the other major competitors. Consumer acceptance of the major store departments varies between stores. SS features a value positioning in its advertising. It spends 0. 89% of sales on advertising, while it is estimated that Harrison’s and MM spend about 1%. GA is seen to invest considerably less than Superior. Market basket studies indicate that Superior is the highest-priced food store in the Centralia area. Superior advertises high-volume items at deep discounts, and features loss leaders. Superior’s N. Fairview store is less than two blocks from MM. The W. Main store is across the street from Harrison’s and GA. The S. Prospect store has no competitors in the immediate vicinity. It prepares baked goods for all of Superior’s Centralia stores. Market share for the three SS stores combined is 23%. Recommendation Superior Supermarkets should pursue an everyday low pricing strategy in both the grocery and general merchandise categories. Superior should reduce its prices in these categories, and increase its advertising as well; The price reduction will produce an increase in sales, and increase market share. References Kerin, R. A. Peterson, R. A. (2007). Strategic Marketing Problems. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. http://www. cob. sjsu. edu Strengths oSuperior Supermarkets has a market share of 23% in Centralia for 2002 oSuperior Supermarkets is the number 1 or 2 ranked supermarket chain in each of its trade markets in market share. oSales for the three stores in Centralia have increased over the past three years. Each store anchors a strip shopping center which is owned by the parent, Hall Consolidated. oSuperior carries high-quality merchandise, particularly in grocery items and fresh produce. oSuperior was ranked most convenient amongst its competitors in a telephone survey. oSuperior is considered a â€Å"good neighborhood store†. oBased on Superior’s shopper interview results, 77. 9% of thei r customers have been patrons for three or more years. oSuperior’s West Main store draws more customers from the area south of the store than their competitors. oSuperior’s South Prospect store has no major competitors in the immediate vicinity. Weaknesses oSuperior’s advertising costs comprise of . 89% of sales, while competitors’ advertising costs comprise of 1% of sales. oBased on Superior’s telephone survey, Superior was ranked the lowest amongst its competitors on most reasonable prices. oSuperior is ranked second to lowest on quality of meat based on Superior’s telephone survey. oThe three Centralia stores posted a 1% negative variance on sales. oThe three Centralia stores experienced a net profit margin slightly under 1%, which was shy of the budgeted 1% net profit margin for the first quarter of 2003. Approximately 32% of Superior customers also shop at Missouri Mart. oSuperior offers less variety of merchandise than its major competitors. Opportunities oThe food and beverage market in Centralia is growing. oSS could advertise on television. Threats oOur competitors may lower their prices. oNew competitors may enter the market. oOur competitors have locations in close proximity to some of our stores oPrice consciousness is growing among Centralia shoppers. oCompetitors may begin to advertise on television. oThere are twenty establishments in Centralia that sell food and beverages.

Richard Branson Essays

Richard Branson Essays Richard Branson Paper Richard Branson Paper Richard used management skills, management challenges, and the management process, (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) every day to insure his accomplishments. Management skills consist of three skills: technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Technical skills are the ability to performance at tasks with expertise. Human skills are the ability to work well with others. A conceptual skill is the ability to think analytically and solve complex problems. Managerial competency is skill-based capability for high performance in a management job using communication, teamwork, self-management, leadership, critical thinking, and professionalism. Brannon as successful because he understood the management principles and took full advantage Of lifelong learning in all aspects Of our daily experience and job opportunities His organization is working on flat and non-hierarchical structure which is made of clusters, and given the flexibility to work independently without much interference (Drove 2007). These factors clearly show that his form of leadership is of much more democratic and participative nature. Position power he proves to be dominant thinker, and generally makes decision by himself. Brannon has strong contingency and situational leadership skills too. He has always looked for and uses every opportunity to create a new company to be viable. He is quite capable of controlling situations and also a high risk taker. This reflects the most dominate theory of leadership today i. E. Situational theories. He follows different leadership styles and technicians according to the situation. This has been one of the most important features of Richard Abrasions leadership (Durbin, Dahlias Miller, 2006). He also shows the ability to implement changes quickly. For example: Virgin Cola in the Ignited States changed its strategy, management and location of its t-drinks business tit emphasis on the theme New Age beverages like fruit juices and energy drinks, when he saw no prospect in the war against the Coca-Cola and Pepsi- Cola in the Cola Business (Drove 2007). His values and goals are the driving force of the whole corporation. His philosophy is to put his employees first, his customers second, his investors third and in the end, everyone will be happy. One of the ways he does this is through his sense of equality and fairness in how he treats people and by promoting flat, non-hierarchical structure to run his businesses (Grant, 2005). Richard Brannon style of draperies is best summarized as a transformational approach (Lousier Cache, 2009). Brannon has also been labeled as a transformational leader for his individualist strategies and his stress on the Virgin Group as an organization driven on informality and information, one thats bottom heavy rather than strangled by top-level management. Transformational leadership is a style of leadership that occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their people, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purposes and mission of their group, and when they stir their people to kook beyond self-interest for the good of the group. The Virgin Group is a company that provides consistent and unique customer experience. It is fun, maintains quality, competent, creates value through innovation, and promotes social responsibility. Virgin is a powerful brand that is loved by its customers and respected by its employees. Richard Brannon instills his own values into the company to make it focused on branding and the customer experience. They consist of eccentricity, fun, innovation, commitment to employees and customers and contempt of authority and hierarchy. There are over 200 companies under the Virgin Group, but there is a clear, focused message that it broadcasts to its customers. The Virgin Group stands for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense Of competitive challenge. The Virgin Group strives to achieve this by empowering employees to continually deliver an unbeatable customer experience. Brannon set up the Virgin Group to be independent companies, meaning when they entered a market, the company becomes its own entity and must stand on its own two feet. Independent managers under Virgin are able to make quick decision without approval from the CEO improving speed, immunization and elevating employee level of the responsibility. Employees have a stake in their success. They feel -and are crucial to their company because they are one-in-fifty or one-in-a-hundred instead of one-in- tens-of-thousands (Grant, 2005). This style of management sets the tone for how employees feel working for Virgin, which makes this management style a success for the company. Due to the flat structure of management that Brannon encourages, it translates to higher employee and customer satisfaction. The Virgin Experience is the cultural value that Brannon utilizes o his commitment to customer satisfaction. He wants to create the best customer experience possible and so he sacrifices short-term profits for this long-term goal. Running a successful company full of high achievers and model employees is what Richard Brannon dreamt of. Staffing a group of individuals who respect development, protection Of natural environment, and protection Of human rights in all aspects of society, in employment leads to career involvements. Richard Brannon gives his employees the freedom to get creative, to come up with their own ideas and run with them. He particularly emphasized, to give a whole new life purpose to all the people who work in your company. Long-term sustainable happens when employees discover their own power. If you can motivate your people, use their creative potential, you can get through bad times and you can enjoy the good times together. If your employees are happy and smiling and enjoying their work, they will perform well. Consequently, the customers will enjoy their experience With your company. There are many positives, but crucially, employees retained responsibility for their own projects and were not hampered by internal red ape and bureaucracy. Give your employees the freedom to get creative, to come up with their own ideas and run with them. Another way that Richard Brannon motivates his employees is with drive and foresight. Enthusiastic team members will be your best assets, so if career advancement is an employees goal, look at the opportunities for stretch projects that can provided; if building technical skills is what another wants, consider what sort of training he/she can learn on the job; if work-life balance is another persons focus, find out what his or her needs are and try o accommodate them. Then keep in touch with your employees and discuss how theyre progressing, because youll need to readjust this plan as they attain their goals and choose new ones. Foresight is important in business: Dont wait until an employee comes to you and says hes ready to leave before you Start thinking about what his goals are and what keeps him/her happy. This should be part of your hiring decision. Before you make a prospect a job offer, be sure to consider how his plans for his career fit. The trick is to ensure that your staff feels empowered. As your team members grow into their jobs, give them real responsibilities: Theyll respect you for it and do everything they can to rise to the challenge. Richard Brannon has the ability to communicate and install his vision towards his employees and the stakeholders. He shares his passion and his enthusiasm with everyone. Employees are attracted to business leaders who are genuinely excited about their business. Many in leadership roles have a great passion for their work, but tend to hide it. He articulates a compelling vision for everyone. Employees and stakeholders feels as if they re sailing on rudderless ship when management fails to communicate their vision for the company. By engaging employees and stakeholders in the companys vision, he created an employee and stakeholder base which is exciting for the future and one that looks forward to growing with the company. Mr.. Brannon invites participation from everyone. He wants everyones input and opinion on anything and everything. Good leaders are good listeners, but great leaders go one step further; they actively solicit input from their employees. Richard Brannon has an Open door policy in which he wants everyone to commit to an pen and honest communication. Good news or bad, open and honest communication with your employees makes them feel valued. It goes a long way towards building a trusting relationship between employees and management. Richard Brannon praises his employees and stakeholders who works hard, who is deserving and he provides great feedback and his company shows great achievement under his leadership. If, Richard Brannon offered me a managers position to work at the Virgin Group, would accept it. Why? His leadership style fits perfectly for me. I have previous managers experience. Richard is a good listener, he allows his managers to have input and to have open communication. Richard Brannon allows his managers to use the concept of innovation to inspire the employees to contribute to the company at all levels, rather than just doing what they are told. Employees can contribute to the cutting edge products that the company creates as well as look for new ways to increase the overall efficiency of the company. The Virgin Group has been able to create a management style that encourages employees to be competitive. This also gives people the desire to see the company succeed in order to be a nutrition to a fresh and creative business model. Transformational leadership comes from the top managers and executives within the company. Richard Brannon along with other company executives have set many common goals for the company to achieve as a whole. These ambitious goals include expansion into international markets, utilization of new technology, loyalty among customers, and joint ventures with other companies. Goals of this level are voiced to all people involved with the company. This has a benefit to the company by giving everybody involved a challenging mission to accomplish. The highest level of management encourages employees to use their skills in a way that will best compliment the company. The idea behind this is to promote the philosophy that the overall benefit of the company will lead to individual benefits for each person involved. Group contribution will eventually lead to rewards for executives, managers, employees, shareholders, and customers alike. Leadership is encouraged among managers, but it often takes strict management to get the job done. Each management function varies within the different divisions in the company. Managers at the Virgin Group have a wide range of goals to pursue. Because each division within the company varies in its specialization it takes well trained managers to run it effectively. Managers hired by the company tend to have a solid background in their area of specialization. They also need to have a history of proven management experience to be considered for a position. Ultimately, managers within the Virgin Group deal with managing the day to day tasks required to keep their division running efficiently. Richard Brannon creates a winning team of managers. He creates at the eighties level of managers to succeed at every level within the company to ensure that each division has specific goals and the steps needed to complete each goal. A high level of organization is needed at all levels of the operation. For example, each division needs to organize their management structure. This is often done by trial and error to determine the most efficient ratio of managers to non-managers. When the proper determination is made the company can organize its management structure in order to meet the highest level of efficiency. His leadership dynamics are terrific. He is a very vocal and lamentably leader. His mission is to inspire those who work below him to work to the best of their abilities for the good of the company. He often pushes his belief that by contributing to the good of the company it will increase the rewards for everybody involved. He has stated that he tries to bring the best out of people and does this for workers at the lowest levels as well as the top ranking executives. His philosophy is to encourage to all managers within the company. Management is expected to embrace this principle and pass it on to the employees that they are managing. His draperies style tends to give people a high level of freedom in their work. Freedom gives them direction in their work and then let them take control of the situation there after. Freedom in their work allows them to excel without the need for micromanagement. The Virgin Group believes that employees should have a certain amount of freedom to make choices for the good of the organization. It is this freedom and decision making that has the potential to bring out the best in an employee. So, yes I would have accepted the job offer from the Virgin Group and shook hands with the CEO Richard Brannon and embraced honor and intelligence to him. The company in which he has created has a unique management formula that has contributed to the long term success of the company. Although there is a clear distinction between management and leadership, the company has been able to integrate a blend of each in many aspects of the business. The transformational leadership has proved to be a valuable tool for executives, managers, and workers alike. Employees within the company have a willingness to work together to expand and improve the company in order to reach their own personal success in life. Richard Brannon is a global leader. He is a billionaire. He is an entrepreneur. He is one of the most successful and admired business leaders in the world. He shows a great example of how entrepreneurs can figure out what the customer really needs thats different from conventional thinking. He has created a company that does business all over the world, from the UK to emerging markets like Chile and Brazil. He goes where the growth is. He goes after big brands where there is a big gap in the market or where old competitors no longer deliver a great customer service. He has strong draperies skills which is an essential key in the success for a global company. Brannon wanted to expand the global presence even further by participating in joint-venture agreements in telecommunications with China. By incorporating their reputation into the foreign market, the exposure to an untapped market or competitive market, an organization is able to branch out with ideas that will produce additional profits. Corporate leadership in global business becomes even more complex when companies enter into other markets (Dresser, 2011 Motivating his employees an international call was a challenge that Brannon was able to overcome with his leadership skills. He was able to understand that the organizational skills needed to be adaptable to the local cultures which meant that the strategies needed to be altered when appropriate. Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow; management controls or directs people/resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established. Being able to work and deal with people in an international environment is a task that Richard Brannon accomplished because he was able to handle the ask at hand. Over the next five years, Richard Brannon will not only sustain success, but will achieve greater success. He has already laid out the foundation of the company to continue to succeed thereafter. The company continues to create more business ventures. Invest in more job opportunities for future employment. More experience, better culture, more freedom for employees to become future entrepreneurs for themselves. His success in one area, tends to leads to success in other fields. He has built up an extensive network of relationships, and now entrepreneurs and companies often approach us with ideas for partnerships that will help them to start a new business, or to attract new customers. The company relies on experience and their own reaction to a prospective product or service to decide whether or not to go ahead with the launch Of a new company or partnership. His teams also use data about economic, consumer and population trends to evaluate the consumer experience and assess potential opportunities. Right now they are looking at entering a number of sectors for potential expansion. Richard Brannon will have sustainability within the company and continue to expand, innovate and motivate his leaders to become better entrepreneurs.

Inventions and Inventors of the 18th Century

Inventions and Inventors of the 18th Century The 18th century, also referred to as the 1700s, marked the beginning of the first Industrial Revolution. Modern manufacturing began with steam engines replacing animal labor. The 18th century also saw the widespread replacement of manual labor by new inventions and machinery. The 18th century was also part of the The Age of Enlightenment,  a  historical period characterized by a shift away from traditional religious forms of authority  and a move towards science and rational thought. The effects of 18th-century enlightenment led to the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolution. The 18th century also saw the spread of capitalism  and the increased availability of printed materials. Here is a timeline of the major inventions of the 18th century.   1701 Jethro Tull invents the seed drill. 1709 Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano. 1711 Englishmen John Shore invents the tuning fork. 1712 Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine. 1717 Edmond Halley invents the diving bell. 1722 French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher. 1724 Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer. 1733 John Kay invents the flying shuttle. 1745 E.G. von Kleist invents the Leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor. 1752 Benjamin Franklin invents the  lightning rod. 1755 Samuel Johnson publishes the first English language dictionary on April 15th after nine years of writing.   1757 John Campbell invents the  sextant. 1758 Dolland invents a chromatic lens. 1761 Englishmen John Harrison invents the navigational clock, or  marine chronometer,  for measuring longitude. 1764 James Hargreaves invents the  spinning jenny. 1767 Joseph Priestley  invents carbonated water, or  soda water. 1768 Richard Arkwright patents the  spinning frame. 1769 James Watt  invents an improved steam engine. 1774 Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph. 1775 Alexander Cummings invents the  flush toilet.Jacques Perrier invents a steamship. 1776 David Bushnell  invents a submarine. 1779 Samuel Crompton  invents the  spinning mule. 1780 Benjamin Franklin invents  bifocal eyeglasses.Gervinus of Germany invents the circular saw. 1783 Louis Sebastien  demonstrates the first parachute.Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock.The  Montgolfier brothers  invent the hot-air balloon.Englishmen  Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production. 1784 Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine.Joseph Bramah  invents the safety lock. 1785 Edmund Cartwright invents the  power loom.Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching.Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance.Jean Pierre Blanchard  invents a working parachute. 1786 John Fitch  invents the  steamboat. 1789 The  guillotine  is invented. 1790 The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton. 1791 John Barber invents the gas turbine.Early bicycles are invented in Scotland. 1792 William Murdoch invents  gas lighting.The first  ambulance  arrives. 1794 Eli Whitney  patents the cotton gin.Welshmen  Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings. 1795 Francois Appert invents the preserving jar of food. 1796 Edward Jenner develops the  vaccination  for smallpox. 1797 Amos Whittemore patents a carding machine.A British inventor named Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe. 1798 The first soft drink is invented.Aloys Senefelder invents lithography. 1799 Alessandro Volta  invents the battery.Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet papermaking.

Learning Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Learning Journal - Essay Example During this time I gained insight into my strengths and weaknesses and realized that my strong work ethic and reliability made me an effective leader and manager of people. I realized that management was the path in life I am best suited for, so I entered University, and these module courses to further strengthen my management skills and develop my areas of weakness. I appreciate the environment of people with whom I carry out my learning experience. It’s essential to have an informative and critical group of minds that can offer constructive advice on a variety of issues that I can then incorporate into my individual learning experience. I also think that my University experience challenges me to develop greater time management skills and learn better ways to balance my priorities. I believe that my University experience will help me strengthen my writing and analytical skills. I believe that there is an important social realm to obtaining a University degree. While itâ€℠¢s absolutely necessary to have a degree to attain many jobs, the accomplishment of being accepted to University, attending lectures, and successfully completing a University degree is a great personal accomplishment that will bring me confidence and a sense of accomplishment in my life. I’m idealistic. I believe in meaning, or at least something that transcends blind allegiance to the dollar. I understand that I am possibly in the prime of my life and I want to grasp hold of it and make the most of my situation. I am studying at University because I believe ideas and concepts are essential, and that they offer much needed supplements to the ideas and experiences we encounter in our daily lives. I believe the same thing is true of students and professors and I want to make the most of my collaborative relationships with them. Because I am not sure if it Socrates (Plato, p. 32) was right when he said, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living,† but I constantly am reassessing the

Medical errors Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medical errors - Article Example Medical errors are inclusive of errors which are committed by medical care individuals as well as any other form of system errors. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), other definitions put forward on the description of medical errors include: â€Å"error of execution†, â€Å"error of planning† (Freisen, Farquhar and Hughes, n.d). The causes for medical errors are quite a number. Medical errors that are caused by medical personnel could be as a result of: lack of proper communication between the health care personnel; lack of proper communication between the patient (s) and the health care personnel; irresponsibility by the medical personnel in terms of prescriptions and dosages; handing out drugs over the counter without a sound doctor analysis; wrong drug administration; lack of following the mandated patient care policies. Communication is quite essential in a health care facility. In the event that there is a communication gap between the health care person nel, then problems are likely to occur. Lack of proper communication is likely to happen while writing out patients’ results or even while packaging or labelling drugs by their names and dosages. That is; a drug could be labelled wrongly and this could be interpreted differently by another medical personnel. A communication deficit could also occur between a patient (s) and the health care personnel. An example of such a situation is when the patient is describing their symptoms to the health care personnel. As a result, the words and expressions being used by the medical care expert could not actually be exactly what the patient is referring to. At that instance, a communication error occurs and this will in turn lead to wrong drug and dosage administration. Over the counter drugs (OTC) and prescriptions have also been known to cause fatal medical errors – this is due to the reason that the personnel responsible could be lacking adequate knowledge and experience in pr oviding ample analysis of the symptoms that the patient has. As a result, they could either give the wrong drugs to the patient or provide an under-dose or an over-dose of the medicine. Following the mandated hospital policies and procedures is very essential. These policies and procedures include: providing organisation orientation to new medical staff, providing medical education to patients and ensuring that medical training is done effectively. The benefit of carrying out all these tasks is that they will reduce the total numbers of medical errors that occur. For example, if the health care facility acquires new equipment, the staff should be trained on how to properly use the equipment so as to alienate the possibility of system errors. In addition to that, patient education should be provided so as to educate them with information on how they could also avoid being victims of unwanted medical errors. In a 1993 to 1998 medical study that was conducted by FDA (2013), the results revealed that the most regular form of medical error was as a result of recklessness while giving out prescriptions and medical dosages - This accounted for 41%. The same study revealed that the other forms of personnel medical errors included: wrong drug administration that answered for 16% while the use of wrong drug

Comparison and Contrast Essay Example for Free

Comparison and Contrast Essay If you were to compare and contrast going to a community college verses going to a university, they can be very different but also one in the same. Some similarities include activities and, class choices. Differences between these two subjects are class size, living, and cost. Going away to school can be a lot different from going to a community college, but in some ways they can be similar also. The first point in which I will discuss is class size. When going to a community college, the class sizes are much smaller than going to a university. With a small class size, it is easier to get more help understanding the subject because there aren’t so many students. Teachers can give their students more one on one attention this way. A similarity between community college and a university is that some universities do have smaller class sizes. There are some classes at universities that aren’t lectures, making class sizes smaller than the usual 100 or more students. Class size at a university is usually much larger because there are a lot more students, with fewer classes. The second point to make in regards to comparing going to a community college and going to a university is the costs are very different. At a university you are paying for all four years whereas at a community college, you only have to pay for a minimum of two years, which makes for saving a lot more money. At a community college, you don’t have to pay anywhere near what you have to pay at a university. Also, at a community college, you aren’t paying for dorm living, which adds on thousands more of dollars. The only similarity between these two different schools costs is the online classes. You have to pay for taking an online class, but of course with a university it will still cost a lot more. They both offer online classes however. Another similarity between going to a community college verses going to a university is you have to pay if you want to be on a sport team. Both schools require money. Participating in activities at school such as sports, clubs, and concert events can be different when going to a community college and a university. Some ways they can be different is at a community college, some based on the size, don’t have football teams. All universities have football teams and stadiums. Community colleges, since they are smaller don’t have big stadiums or a football team. Going along with not having football teams, this means that community colleges don’t have marching bands either. Also, universities have famous people who give concerts and community colleges don’t do that either. Some similarities between school activities are both schools have some kind of clubs where students can join groups and become friends with the people in their clubs. Both colleges offer clubs. They also both have music programs as in band or orchestra or chorus. Both colleges offer music in the music departments. They may not be as large of a group as a university, but they are still offered. As you can see, if you go to a community college you won’t be able to participate sometimes in football, or marching band. Also, if you attend a community college, you can save a lot of money from not living on campus. The other topic I mentioned was class size and how much smaller the class size is compared to a university. The differences between both colleges that I mentioned were at a university there are larger classes, football stadiums, dorm living, and you have to pay much more money for attending a university for four years. Finally, the last thing I talked about were how going to a community college and a university have some things in common such as both having chorus, band, and orchestra. Also, they both have online classes and similar subjects that a student can take. Both colleges have similar activities such as clubs and after school activities. Since attending a community is much smaller, and a university is much larger, there are going to be many differences between these two colleges. But since they are both colleges, there are some similarities between the two of course as well. Regardless, you can now see exactly what they have in common, and what they don’t more clearly now.

Philip Larkin - A Voice of Pain for This Century Essay -- Biography Bi

Philip Larkin - A Voice of Pain for This Century On August 9, 1922, the poet Philip Larkin was born in the town of Coventry in England (Thwaite, Letters xvii). After graduating St. John’s College in Oxford in 1943 with a First Class degree, he worked at both the University College of Leicester and Queen’s College at Belfast before finally settling down at the University of Hull as Librarian in 1955 (Thwaite, Letters xviii). That same year, with the publication of his collection The Less Decieved, he "began to be recognized" (Thwaite, "Introduction" xv). His popularity continued to grow thereafter, and over the next twenty years amongst many awards and honorary doctorates he published two more highly acclaimed books of poetry, The Whitsun Weddings in 1964 and High Windows in 1974 (Thwaite, "Introduction" xvi). In 1984 he was offered the ultimate title of Poet Laureate, which he declined in part because of "shyness" and in part because of the "conviction that his poetry had deserted him" (Motion 510). With the words "I am going to the inevitable," he died a year later on Monday, December 2, 1985 (Motion 521). During his stay at Oxford, Larkin was a member of a group called "the Movement, its revolt being against rhetorical excess or cosmic portentousness" (Ellmann and O’Clair 579). He held disdain for the intricate poetic approach of Eliot and Pound in which "first of all you have to be terribly educated, you have to read everything to know these things, and secondly you’ve got somehow to work them in to show that you are working them in" (Ellmann and O’Clair 579). Larkin instead pursued "a more even-tempered, conversational idiom, more accurate than magniloquent" (Ellmann and O’Clair 579). But this "even-temperament" did n... ... who reside in the twentieth-century and stand as perennial expressions of not only his but of any individual’s mind. While the people of the world poise anxiously on the verge of a new millenium, only poets of his caliber will be remembered as having the sensitivity to capture the emotional need of this generation that will surely pass on to the next. Works Cited Ellmann, Richard, and Robert O’Clair, eds. Modern Poems: A Norton Introduction. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1989. Larkin, Philip. Collected Poems. London: Marvell Press and Faber and Faber Ltd., 1989. Motion, Andrew. A Writer’s Life. London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 1993. Thwaite, Anthony, ed. Introduction. Collected Poems. By Philip Larkin. London: Marvell Press and Faber and Faber Ltd., 1989. Thwaite, Anthony, ed. Selected Letters of Philip Larkin. London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 1992.

Moral Implication of Frankenstein Essay

The message, merits, and moral implications of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein have been long debated and discussed. Many recurring themes which are apt to surface in these conversations are those such as the woes of artificial creation and the â€Å"man is not God† argument. These themes have been so thoroughly explored and exploited that this essay could not possibly generate and original thought within the realms covered by these topics. In order to formulate something remotely fresh and at least relatively interesting, this essay seeks to shift the focus to the less explored dilemmas which Shelley may have purposely or subconsciously woven into the classic novel. The very fact that Mary Shelley is a woman casts the already remarkable tale in an entirely new light. To read it objectively is improbable, if not impossible, because stories like this are simply not written by women. As a matter of fact, there are some things—focusing on a thrilling plot for the sake of the thrill, centralizing characters like monsters and ghosts, prominently showcasing a male to male bond—that are seen from female authors so infrequently, the appearance of one or multiple aspects in a story would be a true shock. This is certainly not a knock against female authors! It is not at all an insult, actually. It is simply an analysis of the female niche in literature at a glance. The fact that Shelley annihilated this mold with Frankenstein is a testament to her creativity, uniqueness and skill, setting her apart from all authors, male or female, and elevating her to a position of respect and glory which spans generations and gender. When taking into account the female psychology, attempting to ascertain what a female would consciously or subconsciously attempt to prove with the novel is interesting. While several smaller points are made by Shelley in the text, the most important and overall message of the novel is this: no man or laboratory can replace the natural maternal nature of the human mother. The nurturing provided by a mother is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. While this process can be imitated with foster homes, day cares, orphanages and the like, only the direct bond between creator and creation will suffice to produce the best of outcomes. The first step is to show that Shelley intended for Victor to be viewed as a mother to his creation. The point that Victor is not a woman seems to enhance the idea that he is incapable of undertaking the tasks of a primary caregiver. Given Victor’s masculinity, she uses the characters to â€Å"experiment† with a creator-child relationship in the absence of the maternal nature of a woman. To do so she alludes to the strong parallels connecting the relationships. At the end of Volume 1, Victor’s thoughts turn to how he would â€Å"spend each vital drop of blood for [the family’s sake]† (Shelley 90). This quote is a reference to the womb and the â€Å"lifeblood† shared by a family. Each drop of blood circulating in a pregnant woman is shared by the fetus living within her as she literally creates the child in her womb. That blood is then shared by the next infant as mother and children grow together into a family united by this blood. Shelley is showing that just as Victor is bonded to his mother by blood, so too is he bonded with his Monster. This is not the first time Shelley portrays Victor as a motherly figure. In the description of the creation process, Shelley draws connections between it and a pregnancy many times. To begin with, the overall concept of the creation of an infant and the creation of a monster are nearly identical. Victor speaks of the â€Å"power placed within his hands† to â€Å"bestow animation† on â€Å"lifeless matter;† matter which will eventually become an incredible system with innumerable â€Å"intricacies of fibers, muscles, and veins† (Shelley 54). Is this not the same thing that can be said of a mother? For she, too, creates an intricate being from nothing with an â€Å"anxiety which almost amounts to agony† in the pains of pregnancy and labor (58). Having shown that Shelley intended for Victor to play the role of ‘mother’ in her analogy, focus will now shift to the ultimate point of the novel: The nurturing provided by a mother (Victor), is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. From the very beginning, Victor shirks the responsibility of nurture and literally runs from it. As the creature awakes he exclaims: â€Å"breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created; I rushed out of the room† (Shelley 58). The Monster then immediately assumes the role of infant in the relationship as Victor says, â€Å"His eyes were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks† (Shelley 59). In the normal human realm this situation would be met with a dozen tear-filled eyes seeking to hold and coddle the creation. Unfortunately for the Monster, no such treatment is offered by Victor. Frankenstein leaves the Monster to fend for himself. The horrible consequences of this lack of nurturing follow with intensity and frequency. This is proven by the rapidly building sense of confusion and loneliness within the monster. Feelings which are only multiplied by society’s general rejection of him. The Monster laments to Victor upon their reunion on these feelings, â€Å"no distinct ideas occupied my mind: all was confused. I felt light, and hunger and thirst, and darkness; innumerable sound rang in my ears and on all sides various scents saluted me† (Shelley 106). The Monster needed a person to provide some context for these sensations, he needed a nurturer to steer him through the difficult path of modern urban existence. He knew essentially nothing and suffered for it. The Monster recalls in a story to Victor his finding of huts, cottages and houses: â€Å"The whole village was roused; some fled, some attacked me, until, grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons, I escaped to the open country† (Shelley 109). Had Victor been there to guide and coach his creation through life as a mother does for her child, the Monster would have experienced exponentially less pain and suffering, if any at all. It was not just any instruction and care that the Monster desired. He yearned for the specific life-training that can only be offered by one’s creator. Although he learned language, work and more from the cottagers he observed, nothing could replace that which only Victor as the creator could offer. The Monster details this in conversation with Victor, â€Å"Of my creation and creator I was absolutely ignorant† he then complains of other calamities he faced before saying, â€Å"I cannot describe to you the agony that these reflections inflicted upon me: I tried to dispel them but sorrow only increased with knowledge† (Shelley 123). It was not the â€Å"knowledge† he desired—he was clearly receiving a more than satisfactory education from the cottage dwellers—it was the relationship with his creator that mattered most, from which the knowledge comes as a bi-product. To ask if Victor learns his lesson is not debatable. Shelley gives him a clear second chance to reevaluate his decision and he chooses correctly. The Monster asks, or more so, demands, point blank that Victor create him a counterpart: â€Å"You must create a female for me, with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being. This you alone can do; and I demand it of you as a right which you must not refuse to concede† (Shelley 147). Initially, Victor refuses, even under the threat of torture. Then, with the Monster’s convincing words and pleas for empathy, Victor agreed under the condition that the monster banish himself and his bride to South America. One night, however, in the midst of creating the second being, Victor suddenly came to the realization that the creation of a second female would not necessarily be for the better and â€Å"made a solemn vow in [his] own heart never to resume [his] labors† (Shelley 171). This resolution to not repeat his mistake shows that Victor recognized the error in his first creation. It is not the creation that was the problem. He obviously was more than capable of producing a counterpart for the first Monster, but realized that he could not provide the appropriate nurturing. He understood, finally, the main requirement of creation: the education and nurture of the creature to become what one intended for it to become, in other words, one has to finish the job. Just as with every human birth, one cannot just bring the creature into the world and let it fend for itself. Frankenstein saw the limitations he had as a creator and made the responsible decision to never repeat his mistake. While the original purpose of this essay was to elaborate on Shelley and the ideas she wrote about as a female, the themes of the novel are too universal to be pinned down as something only a female could create. Creation, it turns out, involves two parts: the first is the giving of life, and the second is the nurturing of life. As a female both of these are very prevalent, more so than with males, but this work shows that males are very responsible for creation. Maybe this entire book is a more than simple commentary on the need for males to step up into the second creation role to support their wives, or maybe it is just a good story about a monster and a man. Either way, Shelley produced a novel with incredibly far reaching themes which contains solid, undeniable arguments which were never touched by male authors, thus making Frankenstein one of the greatest novels of all time.